BYD F3DM: The Pioneering Work of Dynasty Plug-in Hybrid Series, Why Is It Regarded as the Technical Starting Point?

Many car enthusiasts know: Which model first made BYD widely recognized?Many would say the BYD F3. It’s no exaggeration to say that without the F3, there might not have been the later BYD Qin. However, few are aware of how the F3 gradually evolved into the Qin. A key step in this process was the launch of the BYD F3DM in 2008. This model allowed BYD to translate its expertise in batteries into automotive applications for the first time, marking the beginning of BYD’s "Dynasty" series. Despite its significance, the F3DM is rarely mentioned. Today, let’s revisit this groundbreaking model.

The "Chinese Corolla" – BYD F3

The BYD F3 was introduced in 2005, 20 years ago. Prior to this, BYD had released models like the Flyer, but none had made a significant market impact. The F3, however, quickly established BYD’s presence. With its Corolla-inspired design and chassis, and a price roughly half that of its competitors, it became a nationwide sensation. It even served as a mainstay in the ride-hailing industry and was dubbed the "Chinese Corolla" by contemporary media.

The earliest F3 model featured a 1.6L engine producing 100 horsepower and 134 N·m of torque, paired with a 5-speed manual transmission. Its dimensions were 4533 mm in length, 1705 mm in width, and 1490 mm in height. In 2005, when Santanas and Altos were common on the roads, these specifications were quite impressive. Later, BYD also launched the hatchback version, the F3R, which was equipped with 1.5L, 1.5T, and 1.8L engines, and remained in production until 2020, a testament to its enduring appeal.

The True Starting Point – BYD F3DM

The most noticeable difference in the F3DM’s exterior was its ice-blue color, which aligned with the era’s perception of eco-friendly vehicles.

In terms of specifications, the F3DM was equipped with a 1.0L naturally aspirated engine producing 68 horsepower, combined with an electric motor generating 75 kW, resulting in a total output of 170 horsepower. The electric motor delivered an impressive 400 N·m of torque—comparable to the V8-powered BMW M3 (E92) of the same era. However, this torque did not fully translate into acceleration performance; with a CVT transmission, its 0-100 km/h time was 10.8 seconds. In 2008, when breaking the 10-second barrier was considered sporty, this was a remarkable achievement for a compact sedan.

The F3DM was not only quick but also fuel-efficient. Its combined fuel consumption was 2.7L/100 km, and it could travel 100 km on a full charge. In 2008 (officially available to private buyers in 2009), these figures were groundbreaking. Even Japanese hybrids at the time only used electric power for initial acceleration. The experience of all-electric driving was novel for most people, as Tesla was still in its early stages and largely unknown.

Unlike the standard F3, the F3DM featured two drive modes—hybrid and all-electric—selectable via a switch near the CVT gear lever.

In 2010, BYD launched a low-carbon version of the F3DM, which included a solar panel on the roof. While the solar panel’s charging capacity was limited, it was a step forward, especially at a time when charging infrastructure was underdeveloped and energy conversion efficiency was low. The vehicle charged via a standard 220V household outlet, similar to everyday appliances or electric scooters. While convenient, this method was slow and less safe by today’s standards. The F3DM also used BYD’s now-common lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery.

There are even rumors that BYD sold some of the F3DM’s technological patents to Honda, which later influenced the development of Honda’s i-MMD system. Feel free to share any insights in the comments!

The Legacy and Significance of the BYD F3DM

Despite its innovative features, the F3DM struggled in the market due to its high price (over 100,000 RMB at the time), overly advanced technology, and charging limitations. As a result, it was a rare sight on the roads.

From today’s perspective, the F3DM can be seen as a precursor to the Qin PLUS. With technological advancements, the Qin PLUS now offers greater affordability, improved performance, and a more attractive design. It frequently ranks among the top three compact sedans in sales, and all of BYD’s current plug-in hybrid technologies bear the imprint of the F3DM, such as the use of LiFePO4 batteries. It is no overstatement to call the F3DM the starting point of BYD’s Dynasty series.

While the F3 was affordable and practical, it did not have a significant advantage over competitors, as joint-venture brands dominated the market at the time. However, BYD, with its roots in battery technology, had greater ambitions. In 2008, BYD launched the groundbreaking F3DM. The "DM" in its name stands for "Dual Mode," referring to the hybrid mode and the then-novel all-electric mode. The inclusion of all-electric mode meant the vehicle required external charging, making it one of the earliest plug-in hybrid models.